Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80): A Technical Guide for High-Stability Formulations
In the complex landscape of industrial formulation, Polysorbate 80 stands as a critical non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier. Widely recognized by its synonyms—including Tween 80, Kolliphor PS 80, and E433—this compound is indispensable for R&D managers and formulation engineers seeking to achieve thermodynamic stability in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. At foodemul.com, we specialize in the supply of high-purity Polysorbate 80, engineered to meet rigorous global standards for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.
This technical overview explores the physicochemical properties, functional mechanisms, and regulatory parameters of Polysorbate 80, providing procurement officers and chemists with the data necessary to optimize supply chain decisions and product efficacy.
Physicochemical Profile and Specifications
Polysorbate 80 is a hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid. Its chemical structure allows it to effectively reduce interfacial tension between hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases. Below are the technical specifications for our standard industrial and pharmaceutical grades.
| Property | Specification Data |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Polysorbate 80 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) |
| CAS Number | 9005-65-6 |
| E-Number / HS Code | E433 / 34021900 |
| Molecular Formula | C64H124O26 |
| Molecular Weight | 1,310.65 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear to slightly hazy, amber-colored liquid |
| Viscosity (at 25°C) | 300–500 mPa·s |
| Density | 1.08 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | -20.556 °C |
| Boiling Point | > 100°C |
Functional Mechanisms in Formulation
The efficacy of Polysorbate 80 lies in its high Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value (typically around 15), which drives its performance as a solubilizer and emulsifier. It functions by orienting itself at the oil-water interface, forming a steric barrier that prevents droplet coalescence.
- Emulsification: In food and cosmetic matrices, it stabilizes oil droplets within an aqueous phase, ensuring homogeneity in products like salad dressings, lotions, and vaccines.
- Solubilization: It enhances the solubility of hydrophobic active ingredients (APIs) or fragrances, ensuring uniform distribution in liquid products without precipitation.
- Wetting & Dispersion: By reducing surface tension, it aids in the smooth dispersion of solid particles in suspension, critical for pharmaceutical drug delivery systems.
- Crystallization Inhibition: In frozen food applications, it controls fat destabilization, preventing ice crystal growth and maintaining a smooth texture.
Formulation Pro-Tip: When formulating for high-sensitivity applications such as parenteral pharmaceuticals or ophthalmic solutions, verify the peroxide value and impurity profile. foodemul.com ensures low-toxicity profiles and strict adherence to pharmacopeial standards to prevent oxidative degradation of active ingredients.
Industrial Applications
Food & Beverage (E433)
As a food additive, Polysorbate 80 is utilized to improve texture and shelf-life stability. It is particularly effective in the ice cream industry, where it acts as a drying agent to provide stiffness and creaminess by destabilizing fat emulsions during the freezing process. It also prevents phase separation in sauces and dressings.
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
In the pharmaceutical sector, Polysorbate 80 is a critical excipient. It is used to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and serves as a stabilizer in aqueous formulations of proteins and vaccines. Its ability to minimize surface adsorption of proteins makes it a staple in biologic formulations.
Cosmetics & Personal Care
For cosmetic chemists, Polysorbate 80 is the surfactant of choice for solubilizing essential oils into water-based systems. It is extensively used in:
- Lotions and Creams: To ensure a smooth, non-greasy sensory profile.
- Cleansers: To assist in the removal of oils and impurities without stripping the skin.
- Hair Care: To disperse conditioning agents evenly.
Regulatory Compliance and Supply Chain Reliability
Navigating the regulatory landscape is critical for global manufacturers. Polysorbate 80 supplied by foodemul.com is manufactured under strict quality control processes. Our products comply with major international standards, ensuring they are safe for use in consumer goods.
- Regulatory Status: FDA approved (21 CFR 172.840), GRAS listed, and REACH registered.
- Stability: Resistant to microbial degradation and stable across a broad pH range.
- Storage: Maintains integrity under varying environmental conditions, provided it is stored in closed containers (e.g., jerry cans) away from light and moisture.
Why Partner with foodemul.com?
Securing a consistent supply of high-purity surfactants is vital for maintaining production schedules and product quality. As a premier global supplier, foodemul.com offers more than just raw materials; we offer formulation security.
Whether you require specific viscosity adjustments, custom packaging, or technical documentation for regulatory audits, our team is equipped to support your R&D and procurement needs. We bridge the gap between advanced chemical manufacturing and your final product application, ensuring that every batch of Polysorbate 80 delivers the stability and performance your brand relies on.
